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BasePanelForecaster

yohou.base.panel.BasePanelForecaster

Mixin providing panel (dict of DataFrames) forecaster operations.

This mixin provides methods with narrow return types for panel data (dict[str, pl.DataFrame]). Child classes that need type narrowing can explicitly call these methods via BasePanelForecaster._pre_fit_panel(self, ...).

See Also

Source Code

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class BasePanelForecaster:
    """Mixin providing panel (dict of DataFrames) forecaster operations.

    This mixin provides methods with narrow return types for panel data
    (dict[str, pl.DataFrame]). Child classes that need type narrowing can
    explicitly call these methods via `BasePanelForecaster._pre_fit_panel(self, ...)`.

    See Also
    --------
    - [`BaseForecaster`][yohou.base.forecaster.BaseForecaster] : Main forecaster base combining standard and panel operations.
    - [`BaseStandardForecaster`][yohou.base.standard.BaseStandardForecaster] : Standard (single DataFrame) forecaster mixin.
    - [`BaseReductionForecaster`][yohou.base.reduction.BaseReductionForecaster] : Reduction-based forecaster using sklearn regressors.

    """

    # Type hints for attributes set by BaseForecaster
    target_transformer: "BaseTransformer | None"
    feature_transformer: "BaseTransformer | None"
    target_as_feature: str | None
    groups_: list[str]
    local_y_schema_: dict[str, pl.DataType]
    local_X_actual_schema_: dict[str, pl.DataType] | None
    shared_X_actual_schema_: dict[str, pl.DataType] | None
    observation_horizon: int
    observed_time_: dict[str, datetime]
    interval_: timedelta | str

    def _set_input_attributes_panel(
        self,
        y: pl.DataFrame,
        X_actual: pl.DataFrame | None,
        y_panel_groups: dict[str, list[str]],
        X_panel_groups: dict[str, list[str]] | None,
    ) -> None:
        """Set input attributes for panel data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : pl.DataFrame
            Target time series with panel columns.
        X_actual : pl.DataFrame or None
            Feature time series with panel columns.
        y_panel_groups : dict[str, list[str]]
            Panel groups from y (group_name -> column_names).
        X_panel_groups : dict[str, list[str]] or None
            Panel groups from X_actual.

        """
        self.groups_ = list(y_panel_groups.keys())

        # Extract suffixes from first group to validate consistency
        first_group_cols = y_panel_groups[self.groups_[0]]
        first_group_suffixes = [col.split("__", 1)[1] for col in first_group_cols]

        # Validate all groups have the same suffixes
        for group_name in self.groups_[1:]:
            group_cols = y_panel_groups[group_name]
            group_suffixes = [col.split("__", 1)[1] for col in group_cols]
            if sorted(group_suffixes) != sorted(first_group_suffixes):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The local groups in `y` do not have the same column suffixes. "
                    f"Group '{self.groups_[0]}': {sorted(first_group_suffixes)}, "
                    f"Group '{group_name}': {sorted(group_suffixes)}"
                )

        # Extract y schema from first group
        local_y = y.select(first_group_cols).rename({col: col.split("__", 1)[1] for col in first_group_cols})
        self.local_y_schema_ = dict(local_y.schema)

        self.local_X_actual_schema_ = None
        self.shared_X_actual_schema_ = None
        if X_actual is not None and X_panel_groups is not None:
            X_shared_names, _ = inspect_panel(X_actual)

            if X_panel_groups:
                # X_actual has panel columns: validate suffixes match across groups
                first_X_group_cols = X_panel_groups[self.groups_[0]]
                first_X_suffixes = [col.split("__", 1)[1] for col in first_X_group_cols]

                for group_name in self.groups_[1:]:
                    group_cols = X_panel_groups[group_name]
                    group_suffixes = [col.split("__", 1)[1] for col in group_cols]
                    if sorted(group_suffixes) != sorted(first_X_suffixes):
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"The local groups in `X_actual` do not have the same column suffixes. "
                            f"Group '{self.groups_[0]}': {sorted(first_X_suffixes)}, "
                            f"Group '{group_name}': {sorted(group_suffixes)}"
                        )

                # Extract X_actual schema (local + shared)
                self.shared_X_actual_schema_ = dict(X_actual.select(X_shared_names).schema)
                local_X = X_actual.select(first_X_group_cols).rename({
                    col: col.split("__", 1)[1] for col in first_X_group_cols
                })
                self.local_X_actual_schema_ = dict(local_X.schema)
            else:
                # Global-only X_actual: all non-time columns are shared across groups
                self.shared_X_actual_schema_ = dict(X_actual.select(X_shared_names).schema)
                self.local_X_actual_schema_ = {}

    def _fit_transform_inputs_panel(
        self, y: pl.DataFrame, X_actual: pl.DataFrame | None
    ) -> tuple[dict[str, pl.DataFrame], dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None]:
        """Fit transformers and transform inputs for panel data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : pl.DataFrame
            Target time series with panel columns.
        X_actual : pl.DataFrame or None
            Feature time series with panel columns.

        Returns
        -------
        y_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame]
            Transformed target per group.
        X_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame] or None
            Transformed features per group.

        """
        y_t: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] = {}
        X_t: dict[str, pl.DataFrame | None] = {}
        target_transformer: dict[str, BaseTransformer | None] = {}
        feature_transformer: dict[str, BaseTransformer | None] = {}

        for group_name in self.groups_:
            # Extract group data using get_group_df
            y_local = get_group_df(df=y, group_name=group_name, schema=self.local_y_schema_)

            X_local = None
            if X_actual is not None and self.local_X_actual_schema_ is not None:
                # Build schema for X_actual (local + shared columns)
                X_schema = dict(self.local_X_actual_schema_)
                if self.shared_X_actual_schema_:
                    X_schema.update(self.shared_X_actual_schema_)
                X_local = get_group_df(df=X_actual, group_name=group_name, schema=X_schema)

            (
                y_t_local,
                X_t_local,
                target_transformer_local,
                feature_transformer_local,
            ) = _fit_transform_transformers_one(
                y=y_local,
                X_actual=X_local,
                target_transformer=self.target_transformer,
                feature_transformer=self.feature_transformer,
                target_as_feature=self.target_as_feature,
            )

            y_t[group_name] = y_t_local
            X_t[group_name] = X_t_local
            target_transformer[group_name] = target_transformer_local
            feature_transformer[group_name] = feature_transformer_local

        self.target_transformer_ = target_transformer
        self.feature_transformer_ = feature_transformer

        # Filter out None values from X_t if all are None
        X_t_result: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None = None
        if any(v is not None for v in X_t.values()):
            X_t_result = {k: v for k, v in X_t.items() if v is not None}

        return y_t, X_t_result

    def _set_transformed_attributes_panel(
        self,
        y_t: dict[str, pl.DataFrame],
        X_t: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None,
    ) -> None:
        """Set transformed data attributes for panel data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame]
            Transformed target per group.
        X_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame] or None
            Transformed features per group.

        """
        # Get schema from first group (all groups have same structure)
        first_group_name = next(iter(y_t))
        y_t_df = y_t[first_group_name]
        self.local_y_t_schema_ = dict(y_t_df.select(~cs.by_name("time")).schema)

        self.local_X_t_schema_ = None
        if X_t is not None:
            X_t_first_group = X_t[first_group_name]
            if X_t_first_group is not None:
                self.local_X_t_schema_ = dict(X_t_first_group.select(~cs.by_name("time")).schema)

        # Store n_features_in_ and feature_names_in_ for sklearn compatibility
        if self.local_X_t_schema_:
            self.n_features_in_ = len(self.local_X_t_schema_)
            self.feature_names_in_ = list(self.local_X_t_schema_.keys())
        else:
            self.n_features_in_ = 0
            self.feature_names_in_ = []

    def _update_y_X_t_observed_panel(
        self,
        y: pl.DataFrame,
        X_t: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None,
        groups: list[str],
    ) -> None:
        """Update stored observed data for panel data.

        Extracts per-group target DataFrames from ``y`` and delegates
        to ``_update_y_X_t_observed_from_dicts``.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : pl.DataFrame
            Target time series with panel columns (original format).
        X_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame] or None
            Transformed features per group.
        groups : list[str]
            Panel group names to update.

        """
        y_dict: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] = {}
        for panel_group_name in groups:
            y_dict[panel_group_name] = get_group_df(df=y, group_name=panel_group_name, schema=self.local_y_schema_)
        self._update_y_X_t_observed_from_dicts(y_dict, X_t, groups)

    def _pre_fit_panel(
        self,
        y: pl.DataFrame,
        X_actual: pl.DataFrame | None,
        forecasting_horizon: int,
        y_panel_groups: dict[str, list[str]],
        X_panel_groups: dict[str, list[str]] | None,
        X_future: pl.DataFrame | None = None,
        X_forecast: pl.DataFrame | None = None,
    ) -> tuple[dict[str, pl.DataFrame], dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None]:
        """Preprocessing and transform for panel data (narrow types).

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : pl.DataFrame
            Target time series with panel columns (already validated).
        X_actual : pl.DataFrame or None
            Feature time series with panel columns (already validated).
        forecasting_horizon : int
            Number of steps ahead to forecast.
        y_panel_groups : dict[str, list[str]]
            Panel groups from y (group_name -> column_names).
        X_panel_groups : dict[str, list[str]] or None
            Panel groups from X_actual.
        X_future : pl.DataFrame or None, default=None
            Known future features with a ``"time"`` column.
        X_forecast : pl.DataFrame or None, default=None
            External forecasts with ``"vintage_time"`` and ``"time"`` columns.

        Returns
        -------
        y_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame]
            Transformed target per group.
        X_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame] or None
            Transformed features per group.

        """
        self._set_input_attributes_panel(y, X_actual, y_panel_groups, X_panel_groups)
        y_t, X_t = self._fit_transform_inputs_panel(y, X_actual)

        # Inject step columns from X_future / X_forecast
        # Use first group's observation times (all groups share the same time index)
        first_group = next(iter(y_t))
        observation_times = y_t[first_group]["time"]

        # Build existing column names at the prefixed level for collision detection
        existing_columns: set[str] | None = None
        if X_t is not None:
            first_X_t = X_t[first_group]
            if first_X_t is not None:
                local_cols = {c for c in first_X_t.columns if c != "time"}
                existing_columns = set()
                for group_name in self.groups_:
                    for col in local_cols:
                        existing_columns.add(f"{group_name}__{col}")

        X_step = _derive_step_columns(
            X_future=X_future,
            X_forecast=X_forecast,
            observation_times=observation_times,
            forecasting_horizon=forecasting_horizon,
            interval=self.interval_,
            existing_columns=existing_columns,
        )
        if X_step is not None:
            self._step_column_names_ = set(X_step.columns) - {"time"}
            self._X_future_raw_ = X_future
            self._X_forecast_raw_ = X_forecast
            self._X_future_schema_ = dict(X_future.select(~cs.by_name("time")).schema) if X_future is not None else None
            self._X_forecast_schema_ = (
                dict(X_forecast.select(~cs.by_name("time", "vintage_time")).schema) if X_forecast is not None else None
            )

            # Build step column schema per group for get_group_df extraction
            step_cols_no_time = [c for c in X_step.columns if c != "time"]
            first_group_step_cols = [c for c in step_cols_no_time if c.startswith(f"{first_group}__")]
            local_step_schema = {c.split("__", 1)[1]: X_step[c].dtype for c in first_group_step_cols}
            # Also include global (non-prefixed) step columns
            global_step_cols = [
                c for c in step_cols_no_time if "__" not in c or not any(c.startswith(f"{g}__") for g in self.groups_)
            ]
            for c in global_step_cols:
                local_step_schema[c] = X_step[c].dtype
            self._step_schema_per_group_ = local_step_schema

            # Distribute step columns to per-group X_t dicts
            for group_name in self.groups_:
                X_step_local = get_group_df(df=X_step, group_name=group_name, schema=local_step_schema)
                if X_t is not None and group_name in X_t and X_t[group_name] is not None:
                    X_t[group_name] = X_t[group_name].join(X_step_local, on="time", how="left")
                else:
                    X_step_local = X_step_local.join(y_t[group_name].select("time"), on="time", how="semi")
                    if X_t is None:
                        X_t = {}
                    X_t[group_name] = X_step_local
        else:
            self._step_column_names_ = set()
            self._X_future_raw_ = None
            self._X_forecast_raw_ = None
            self._X_future_schema_ = None
            self._X_forecast_schema_ = None
            self._step_schema_per_group_ = None

        self._set_transformed_attributes_panel(y_t, X_t)
        self._update_y_X_t_observed_panel(y, X_t, self.groups_)

        return y_t, X_t

    def _rewind_panel(
        self,
        y: pl.DataFrame,
        X_actual: pl.DataFrame | None,
        groups: list[str],
        X_future: pl.DataFrame | None = None,
        X_forecast: pl.DataFrame | None = None,
    ) -> "BasePanelForecaster":
        """Reset state for panel data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : pl.DataFrame
            Target time series with panel columns.
        X_actual : pl.DataFrame or None
            Actual feature observations to restore the observation
            state to (with panel columns).
        groups : list[str]
            Panel group names to reset.
        X_future : pl.DataFrame or None, default=None
            Known future features. If None, re-derived from stored raws.
        X_forecast : pl.DataFrame or None, default=None
            External forecasts. If None, re-derived from stored raws.

        Returns
        -------
        self

        """
        X_t: dict[str, pl.DataFrame | None] = {}

        for panel_group_name in groups:
            # Extract group data using get_group_df
            y_local = get_group_df(df=y, group_name=panel_group_name, schema=self.local_y_schema_)

            X_local = None
            if X_actual is not None and self.local_X_actual_schema_ is not None:
                # Build schema for X_actual (local + shared columns)
                X_schema = dict(self.local_X_actual_schema_)
                if self.shared_X_actual_schema_:
                    X_schema.update(self.shared_X_actual_schema_)
                X_local = get_group_df(df=X_actual, group_name=panel_group_name, schema=X_schema)

            local_target_transformer = None
            if self.target_transformer is not None and isinstance(self.target_transformer_, dict):
                local_target_transformer = self.target_transformer_[panel_group_name]

            local_feature_transformer = None
            if self.feature_transformer is not None and isinstance(self.feature_transformer_, dict):
                local_feature_transformer = self.feature_transformer_[panel_group_name]

            X_t_local = _rewind_transformers_one(
                y_local,
                X_local,
                local_target_transformer,
                local_feature_transformer,
                self.observation_horizon,
                self.target_as_feature,
            )

            X_t[panel_group_name] = X_t_local

        # Filter out None values
        X_t_filtered: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None = None
        if any(v is not None for v in X_t.values()):
            X_t_filtered = {k: v for k, v in X_t.items() if v is not None}

        self._update_y_X_t_observed_panel(y, X_t_filtered, groups)

        # Re-derive step columns and append to per-group _X_t_observed
        self._inject_step_columns_after_update_panel(X_future, X_forecast)

        return self

    def _observe_panel(
        self,
        y: pl.DataFrame,
        X_actual: pl.DataFrame | None,
        groups: list[str],
        X_future: pl.DataFrame | None = None,
        X_forecast: pl.DataFrame | None = None,
    ) -> "BasePanelForecaster":
        """Update state with new observations for panel data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : pl.DataFrame
            New target observations with panel columns.
        X_actual : pl.DataFrame or None
            New actual feature observations with panel columns.
        groups : list[str]
            Panel group names to update.
        X_future : pl.DataFrame or None, default=None
            Known future features. If None, re-derived from stored raws.
        X_forecast : pl.DataFrame or None, default=None
            External forecasts with ``"vintage_time"`` and ``"time"`` columns.
            The latest vintage at or before the observation time is
            selected (as-of matching), so vintage times do not need
            to align exactly with observation times.

        Returns
        -------
        self

        """
        X_t_updated: dict[str, pl.DataFrame | None] = {}
        y_updated: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] = {}

        for panel_group_name in groups:
            # Extract group data for new observations only
            y_local = get_group_df(df=y, group_name=panel_group_name, schema=self.local_y_schema_)

            X_local = None
            if X_actual is not None and self.local_X_actual_schema_ is not None:
                # Build schema for X_actual (local + shared columns)
                X_schema = dict(self.local_X_actual_schema_)
                if self.shared_X_actual_schema_:
                    X_schema.update(self.shared_X_actual_schema_)
                X_local = get_group_df(df=X_actual, group_name=panel_group_name, schema=X_schema)

            local_target_transformer = None
            if self.target_transformer is not None and isinstance(self.target_transformer_, dict):
                local_target_transformer = self.target_transformer_[panel_group_name]

            local_feature_transformer = None
            if self.feature_transformer is not None and isinstance(self.feature_transformer_, dict):
                local_feature_transformer = self.feature_transformer_[panel_group_name]

            # Update transformers with new data only
            X_t_updated[panel_group_name] = _observe_transformers_one(
                y_local,
                X_local,
                local_target_transformer,
                local_feature_transformer,
                self.target_as_feature,
            )

            # For y_updated, concatenate stored observations with new observations
            y_full = y_local
            if self._y_observed is not None and panel_group_name in self._y_observed:
                assert isinstance(self._y_observed, dict)
                y_stored = self._y_observed[panel_group_name]
                if y_stored is not None:
                    y_full = pl.concat([y_stored, y_local], how="vertical")
            y_updated[panel_group_name] = y_full

        # Filter out None values from X_t_updated
        X_t_filtered: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None = None
        if any(v is not None for v in X_t_updated.values()):
            X_t_filtered = {k: v for k, v in X_t_updated.items() if v is not None}

        # Update observed state using dict-based update
        self._update_y_X_t_observed_from_dicts(y_updated, X_t_filtered, groups)

        # Re-derive step columns and append to per-group _X_t_observed
        self._inject_step_columns_after_update_panel(X_future, X_forecast)

        return self

    def _inject_step_columns_after_update_panel(
        self,
        X_future: pl.DataFrame | None,
        X_forecast: pl.DataFrame | None,
    ) -> None:
        """Re-derive step columns and append to per-group _X_t_observed.

        Uses stored raws as fallback when X_future or X_forecast is omitted.
        Updates stored raws when new data is provided.

        """
        if not self._step_column_names_:
            return

        # Use first group's observed_time_ (all groups share same time index)
        first_group = next(iter(self.observed_time_))
        obs_time = self.observed_time_[first_group]

        X_future_eff = X_future if X_future is not None else self._X_future_raw_
        X_forecast_eff = X_forecast if X_forecast is not None else self._X_forecast_raw_

        X_step = _derive_step_columns(
            X_future_eff,
            X_forecast_eff,
            pl.Series([obs_time]),
            self.fit_forecasting_horizon_,  # ty: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
            self.interval_,
        )
        if X_step is not None and self._X_t_observed is not None:
            for group_name, df in self._X_t_observed.items():
                if df is not None:
                    step_group = get_group_df(X_step, group_name, self._step_schema_per_group_).select(  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
                        ~cs.by_name("time")
                    )
                    self._X_t_observed[group_name] = pl.concat([df, step_group], how="horizontal")

        # Update stored raws
        if X_future is not None:
            self._X_future_raw_ = X_future
        if X_forecast is not None:
            # Select the latest vintage at or before observed_time_ (as-of selection)
            latest_vintage = X_forecast.filter(pl.col("vintage_time") <= obs_time)["vintage_time"].max()
            if latest_vintage is not None:
                self._X_forecast_raw_ = X_forecast.filter(pl.col("vintage_time") == latest_vintage)
            else:
                self._X_forecast_raw_ = X_forecast.clear()

    def _observe_with_precomputed_steps_panel(
        self,
        y: pl.DataFrame,
        X_actual: pl.DataFrame | None,
        X_step_precomputed: pl.DataFrame | None,
        groups: list[str],
    ) -> None:
        """Observe with pre-computed step columns for panel data.

        Used by ``_observe_predict_loop`` to inject step columns that were
        derived once at loop entry instead of re-deriving per stride.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : pl.DataFrame
            New target observations with panel columns.
        X_actual : pl.DataFrame or None
            New actual feature observations with panel columns.
        X_step_precomputed : pl.DataFrame or None
            Pre-computed step columns for this slice (already semi-joined
            to the slice's time range). ``None`` when no step columns exist.
        groups : list[str]
            Panel group names to update.

        """
        X_t_updated: dict[str, pl.DataFrame | None] = {}
        y_updated: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] = {}

        for panel_group_name in groups:
            y_local = get_group_df(df=y, group_name=panel_group_name, schema=self.local_y_schema_)

            X_local = None
            if X_actual is not None and self.local_X_actual_schema_ is not None:
                X_schema = dict(self.local_X_actual_schema_)
                if self.shared_X_actual_schema_:
                    X_schema.update(self.shared_X_actual_schema_)
                X_local = get_group_df(df=X_actual, group_name=panel_group_name, schema=X_schema)

            local_target_transformer = None
            if self.target_transformer is not None and isinstance(self.target_transformer_, dict):
                local_target_transformer = self.target_transformer_[panel_group_name]

            local_feature_transformer = None
            if self.feature_transformer is not None and isinstance(self.feature_transformer_, dict):
                local_feature_transformer = self.feature_transformer_[panel_group_name]

            X_t_local = _observe_transformers_one(
                y_local,
                X_local,
                local_target_transformer,
                local_feature_transformer,
                self.target_as_feature,
            )

            # Hstack pre-computed step columns for this group
            if X_t_local is not None and X_step_precomputed is not None and self._step_schema_per_group_ is not None:
                # Filter schema to columns available in the precomputed steps
                # (test folds may have fewer forecast vintages than training).
                available = set(X_step_precomputed.columns)
                step_schema = {
                    k: v
                    for k, v in self._step_schema_per_group_.items()
                    if k in available or f"{panel_group_name}__{k}" in available
                }
                step_group = get_group_df(X_step_precomputed, panel_group_name, step_schema).select(~cs.by_name("time"))
                X_t_local = pl.concat([X_t_local, step_group], how="horizontal")
            elif X_t_local is None and X_step_precomputed is not None and self._step_schema_per_group_ is not None:
                available = set(X_step_precomputed.columns)
                step_schema = {
                    k: v
                    for k, v in self._step_schema_per_group_.items()
                    if k in available or f"{panel_group_name}__{k}" in available
                }
                X_t_local = get_group_df(X_step_precomputed, panel_group_name, step_schema).select(~cs.by_name("time"))

            X_t_updated[panel_group_name] = X_t_local

            y_full = y_local
            if self._y_observed is not None and panel_group_name in self._y_observed:
                assert isinstance(self._y_observed, dict)
                y_stored = self._y_observed[panel_group_name]
                if y_stored is not None:
                    y_full = pl.concat([y_stored, y_local], how="vertical")
            y_updated[panel_group_name] = y_full

        X_t_filtered: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None = None
        if any(v is not None for v in X_t_updated.values()):
            X_t_filtered = {k: v for k, v in X_t_updated.items() if v is not None}

        self._update_y_X_t_observed_from_dicts(y_updated, X_t_filtered, groups)

    def _update_y_X_t_observed_from_dicts(
        self,
        y: dict[str, pl.DataFrame],
        X_t: dict[str, pl.DataFrame] | None,
        groups: list[str],
    ) -> None:
        """Update stored observed data from pre-split dicts.

        This is an alternative to _update_y_X_t_observed_panel that accepts
        pre-split dictionaries instead of the original DataFrame format.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y : dict[str, pl.DataFrame]
            Target time series per group (already extracted).
        X_t : dict[str, pl.DataFrame] or None
            Transformed features per group.
        groups : list[str]
            Panel group names to update.

        """
        self.observed_time_ = {}

        X_t_observed: dict[str, pl.DataFrame | None] | None = None
        if X_t is not None:
            X_t_observed = {}

        y_observed: dict[str, pl.DataFrame | None] = {}
        for panel_group_name in groups:
            y_group = y[panel_group_name]

            if self.observation_horizon > len(y_group):
                raise ValueError(f"Not enough data to set observed y for group {panel_group_name}.")

            self.observed_time_[panel_group_name] = y_group["time"][-1]
            y_observed[panel_group_name] = (
                y_group[-self.observation_horizon :] if self.observation_horizon > 0 else None
            )

            # Store X_t_observed for this group
            if X_t_observed is not None and X_t is not None:
                X_t_group = X_t.get(panel_group_name)
                X_t_observed[panel_group_name] = X_t_group.tail(1) if X_t_group is not None else None

        self._y_observed = y_observed
        self._X_t_observed = X_t_observed

    def _add_time_columns_panel(self, y_pred: pl.DataFrame) -> pl.DataFrame:
        """Add time metadata columns to predictions for panel data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        y_pred : pl.DataFrame
            Predictions without time columns.

        Returns
        -------
        pl.DataFrame
            Predictions with vintage_time and time columns.

        """
        # For panel data, all groups share the same time progression
        # Use the first group's observed_time_ as reference
        first_group_name = list(self.observed_time_.keys())[0]
        observed_time_value = self.observed_time_[first_group_name]

        predicted_times = [add_interval(observed_time_value, self.interval_, n=n) for n in range(1, len(y_pred) + 1)]

        time = pl.DataFrame({"vintage_time": [observed_time_value] * len(y_pred), "time": predicted_times})

        return pl.concat([time, y_pred], how="horizontal")